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Undeniable evidences throughout the globe indicate that global climate has changed compared to the pre-industrial era and is expected to continue the trend through 21st century and beyond. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)1 documented that global mean Andaman holiday packages temperature has increased approximately 0.76°C between 1850-1899 and 2001-2005 and it has figured all the observed changes in global average temperatures considering that the mid-20th century is'very likely'caused by human activities which are increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.
As a consequence, we observe various manifestations of climate change including ocean warming, continental-average temperatures, temperature extremes and wind patterns. Widespread decreases in glaciers and ice caps and warming ocean surface temperature have contributed to sea level rise of 1.8 mm per year from 1961 to 2003, and approximately 3.1 mm per year from 1993 to 2003.
The IPCC has projected that the pace of climate change is to accelerate with continued greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at or above the existing rates. IPCC best estimate suggested that globally averaged surface temperatures will rise by 1.8°C to 4.0°C by the finish of the 21st century. Despite a stabilized atmospheric concentration of GHGs at the existing level, the earth would continue steadily to warm as a result of past GHG emissions as well as the thermal inertia of the oceans.
Future changes in temperatures and other important top features of climate will manifest themselves in different fashions across various elements of the globe. It is likely that the tropical cyclones (typhoons and hurricanes) will be severe, with greater wind speeds and heavier precipitation. This will be related to continuing increase of tropical sea surface temperatures. Extra-tropical storm tracks are projected to shift towards the pole, with consequent changes in wind, precipitation and temperature patterns. The decreases in snow cover may also be projected to continue.
The environmental and economic risks related to predictions for climate change are considerable. The gravity of the situation has resulted in a variety of recent international policy debates. The IPCC has come out with firm conclusions that climate change would hinder the power of several nations to achieve sustainable development. The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change discovered that the present cost reducing GHG emissions is a lot smaller than the future costs of economic and social disruption as a result of unmitigated climate change. Every country as well as economic sectors will need to strive with the challenges of climate change through adaptation and mitigation.
Tourism is not any exception and in the decades ahead, climate change will play a pivotal role in tourism development and management. Using its close links to the environmental surroundings, tourism is recognized as to become a highly climate-sensitive sector. The regional manifestations of climate change is likely to be highly relevant for tourism sector that demands adaptation by all major tourism stakeholders. In fact, it is not really a remote future for the tourism sector since varied impacts of a changing climate are already evident at destinations around the world.
As a flip side of the above story, tourism sector itself is just a major contributor climate change through GHG emissions, especially, from the transport and accommodation of tourists. Tourism sector must play a proactive role to lessen its GHG emissions significantly in harmony with the'Vienna Climate Change Talks 2007'which recognized that global emissions of GHG have to peak within the next 10-15 years and then be reduced to very low levels, well below half levels in 2000 by mid-century. The major challenge in front of tourism sector is to generally meet the international sustainable development agenda along with managing increased energy use and GHG emissions from massive growth in activities projected for the sector.